Causes of Malocclusion
A malocclusion occurs when patients have crooked teeth or a misaligned bite. A patient’s bite is how their upper and lower jaw line up. In cases of a normal bite, the upper teeth will rest slightly in front of the lower teeth. A perfect bite is actually very uncommon.
In many cases, a malocclusion causes cosmetic concerns where patients do not like the appearance of their teeth or smiles. This can negatively impact the patient’s self-esteem and make them insecure. Another challenge with misaligned teeth is that they can be difficult to clean. This can result in issues such as decay and even tooth loss. In cases of severe malocclusions, patients can struggle with routine tasks such as speaking and eating.
Causes
A malocclusion can be caused by various issues. This includes issues of the size or shape of the teeth and jaw. Patients often have too little or too much room in their mouth. Young patients with small jaws commonly experience crooked or crowded teeth. Extra space in the jaw can allow for the teeth to slowly drift out of place. Additional causes of a malocclusion may include things such as prolonged pacifier use, thumb-sucking, an injury or trauma, and the loss of teeth.
Symptoms
Symptoms associated with the condition include crooked teeth or teeth which stick out. There are many types of malocclusions. The patient may have an overjet where the upper front teeth push outward in the mouth. An underbite occurs when the lower front teeth push forward beyond the upper front teeth.
Diagnosis
In many cases, a dentist will check for malocclusion in a child during a routine visit. When the patient has misalignment of the teeth or jaw, they are typically referred to an orthodontist for treatment. An orthodontist is a dentist who has special training to correct malocclusions.
Below is a summary of what an orthodontist may do during an initial consultation:
- Discuss the child's health and review any past issues or injuries
- Examine the teeth and mouth
- Obtain X-rays
- Take photos of teeth, jaw, and face
- Create a digital image or model of the teeth
Treatment
Orthodontic treatment works by correcting the alignment of the teeth and jaws. This can not only improve the appearance of the patient’s smile but also makes it easier to practice good oral hygiene.
For younger patients, a common issue is crowding in the mouth. Treatment may involve the removal of baby teeth to ensure there is adequate space for the permanent teeth. The extraction of permanent teeth is avoided unless it is completely necessary.
In some cases, the child may require a treatment called growth modification. The child will wear a special device which moves the jaw into the desired position. This treatment is more effective during a growth spurt. Another common orthodontic treatment is braces which slowly move the teeth and correct the patient’s bite. Other types of orthodontic devices and appliances can also be used. These treatments are highly effective on children but can also be used to treat adults.
Following treatment, it is natural for the teeth to move or shift back into the initial position in the mouth. Patients often need to wear a retainer after treatment to prevent this type of movement.
Contact the office to determine if you have a type of malocclusion. The team can schedule a consultation and discuss treatment options.