The Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft
Gum recession can result from aggressive brushing, genetics, certain medications, underlying medical conditions, or periodontal disease. Gum recession can cause extreme sensitivity along the gum line since the root surface has become exposed. Left untreated, gum recession can lead to jawbone deterioration and even tooth loss.
Gum tissue will not grow back on its own but treatment is available with a gum graft. A gum graft can restore the area and relieve pain for the patient. Some dentists have the training and technology to perform a gum graft in-house but if they do not, they will refer you to a periodontist for treatment.
There are a few different types of gum grafts available: a pedicle graft, an alloderm graft, a free gingival graft, and a connective tissue graft. Here we will take a closer look at the connective tissue graft, the most commonly used tissue graft.
What is a connective tissue graft?
A connective tissue graft uses the sub-epithelial tissue harvested from the roof of the patient's mouth. The epithelial tissue is the outer layer that you can see on the roof of your mouth and beneath that lies the subepithelial connective tissue. This craft is so popular because it has a high predictability and is successful in achieving root coverage. It also has a better aesthetic outcome and is less traumatic with fewer postoperative complications.
How is a subepithelial connective tissue graft performed?
To begin, your doctor will administer a local anesthetic in the area being treated and the area from which the tissue will be harvested. The exposed root surface is then cleaned and a horizontal incision is made through the gum tissue on both sides of the tooth being treated to make a flap where the harvested tissue will be placed.
Two parallel incisions are made on the roof of the patient's mouth so that the surgeon is able to access the subepithelial connective tissue. A small piece of connective tissue is taken and placed under the flap that was made at the area being treated. The graft is then sutured into place and the flap is sutured over the graft.
Your surgeon will then cover both surgical sites with a periodontal dressing to protect them while they heal. The sutures are then removed after about two weeks with another postoperative evaluation six weeks after the initial procedure.
Postoperative Care
It is ideal to stick to soft foods that do not require much biting or chewing for a few days to make it easier on your healing tissue. Most patients are able to manage pain with over-the-counter pain medications but if you have severe pain that is beyond that which you can tolerate, reach out to your surgeon to discuss a prescription pain medication.
You should perform your oral hygiene as usual, taking care not to floss or brush your surgical sites. Instead, use a cotton swab to keep the areas clean. A warm salt water rinse is very soothing to the healing tissue and is great at clearing out food particles and bacteria.
If you suffer from gum recession, speak with your dentist to see if a subepithelial connective tissue graft might be a good treatment option for you!