What is the Difference Between Simple & Surgical Extraction?
It is a top priority for dental professionals to preserve the natural teeth. Unfortunately, there are some circumstances which may require that a tooth be extracted. In cases where the tooth has extreme damage, decay, or teeth which cannot properly support a dental restoration often need to be removed.
Things which commonly cause a tooth extraction can include trauma, misalignment or overcrowding, decay, gum disease, and tooth impaction. The condition of the patient’s teeth will determine if they need a simple or surgical extraction.
Patients who have concerns about their teeth should always begin with a visit to the dentist. The dentist will examine the teeth and may order x-rays to determine if the patient requires a tooth extraction. The dentist will also determine the best method for extracting the tooth. Below is a summary of the differences between a surgical and simple extraction.
Procedure
Simple extractions are common and the procedure for removing the tooth is fairly straightforward. Simple extractions are commonly performed when the tooth which requires removal is visible above the gumline. Dentists will often use an elevator and forceps to loosen and remove the tooth from its socket. A simple extraction is common for teeth which have decay, damage, or overcrowding.
A surgical extraction, in comparison, is a more complicated procedure where the affected tooth is typically below the gumline. Because the tooth is not easily accessible, the dentist often needs to make an incision through the gum tissue. In some cases, they may need to also remove a small amount of bone tissue in order to obtain access to the tooth. The tooth is then broken into smaller pieces to make the removal easier.
Anesthesia
Having a tooth extracted can be painful and the dentist will work to prevent any discomfort during the procedure. Because simple extractions are straightforward and relatively quick, the dentist will use a local anesthesia. A numbing agent is injected into the gum tissue near the affected tooth. The mouth will remain numb during the entire procedure and the numbness will wear off over time.
With a surgical extraction, the dentist or surgeon can use either a local anesthesia or general anesthesia. The complexity of the procedure determines which type of anesthesia is used. Local anesthesia numbs the area surrounding the tooth, while general anesthesia will put the patient to sleep during the procedure. Other types of sedatives can also be used to help the patient remain calm and relaxed during the procedure.
Recovery
Simple extractions are less invasive. Common side effects can include minor bleeding, swelling, and discomfort following the procedure. When patients are diligent in following the aftercare instructions, most side effects are significantly reduced or completely eliminated within a few days. It may take a week or up to 10 days for the gums to fully heal.
Because a surgical extraction is more complex, the expected recovery time is typically longer. Patients should expect discomfort and swelling around the extraction site for at least a few days. It is important for patients to follow the dental professional’s post-procedure instructions to ensure a quick recovery and to minimize the risk for complications. Surgical extractions can take a few weeks to fully heal.
Complications and Risks
Surgical extractions are more invasive and complex, meaning patients are also at a higher risk of complications and risks. This may include an infection, pain, damage to the nerve, tissues, or adjacent teeth, inflammation, and bleeding. There are fewer complications associated with simple extractions. Common risks for simple extractions include a dry mouth and pain.
Cost
The cost for the extraction will vary based on the procedure’s complexity. Surgical extractions generally cost more than a simple extraction. Patients should work directly with the dental office to determine the expected cost for the procedure.